
Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice››2023,Vol. 22››Issue (05): 421-428.doi:10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.05.002
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Received:2023-03-07Online:2023-10-25Published:2024-03-15Table 1
Classification and defining features of MDS
| 分类 | 原始细胞 | 细胞遗传学 | 基因突变 |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDS伴遗传学异常定义(类型) | |||
| MDS伴低原始细胞和孤立5q- | 骨髓<5%且外周血<2% | 仅有5q-,或伴有1个除 -7或7q-以外的其他异常 |
无 |
| MDS伴低原始细胞和SF3B1突变a) | 骨髓<5%且外周血<2% | 无5q-、-7或复杂核型 | SF3B1 |
| MDS伴TP53双等位基因失活突变 | 骨髓和外周血<20% | 通常复杂核型 | 2个或多个TP53突变,或1个突变伴TP53拷贝丢失或cnLOH证据 |
| MDS,形态学定义(类型) | |||
| 伴低原始细胞MDS(MDS-ZB) | 骨髓<5%且外周血<2% | - | - |
| 低增生MDSb) | 骨髓<5%且外周血<2% | ||
| 伴原始细胞增多MDS | 骨髓<5%且外周血<2% | ||
| MDS-IB1 | 骨髓5%~9%或外周血2%~4% | - | - |
| MDS-IB2 | 骨髓10%~19%或外周血5%~19%或有Auer小体 | - | - |
| MDS伴显著纤维化 | 骨髓5%~19%或外周血2%~19% | - | - |
Table 2
Essential and desirable diagnostic criteria of childhood MDS
| 诊断标准 | 儿童MDS伴低原始细胞 | 儿童MDS伴原始细胞增多 |
|---|---|---|
| 基本标准 | ● 一系或多系血细胞减少。 ● 一系或多系病态造血改变,至少累及10%的细胞。 ● 骨髓原始细胞<5%和外周血原始细胞<2%。 ● 至少符合以下1项标准: 检测到克隆性细胞遗传学和(或)分子异常。 排除导致血细胞减少的其他原因(非肿瘤性和一些胚系突变)。 ● 如果骨髓细胞低增生,符合cMDS-LB,低增生的形态学标准 |
● 一系或多系血细胞减少。 ● 一系或多系病态造血改变,至少累及10%的细胞。 ● 骨髓原始细胞5%~19%和/或外周血原始细胞2%~19%。 ● 排除唐氏综合症、幼年型粒单核细胞白血病和AML伴定义遗传学异常的诊断标准。 |
| 理想标准 | - | ● 检测到克隆性细胞遗传学和(或)分子学异常。 |
Table 3
AML class/type and blast(%)* requirements
| AML-DGA类型 | AML伴细胞分化定义类型 |
|---|---|
| APL伴PML::RARA融合(可<20%) | AML伴微分化(≥20%) |
| AML伴RUNX1::RUNX1T1融合 (可<20%) |
AML不伴(细胞)成熟(≥20%) |
| AML伴CBFB::MYH11融合 (可<20%) |
AML伴(细胞)成熟(≥20%) |
| AML伴DEK::NUP214融合 (可<20%) |
急性嗜碱性粒细胞白血病 (≥20%) |
| AML伴RBM15::MRTFA融合 (可<20%) |
急性粒单核细胞白血病(≥20%) |
| AML伴BCR::ABL1融合(≥20%) | 急性单核细胞白血病(≥20%) |
| AML伴KMT2A重排(可<20%) | 急性红血病(≥30%,原始红细胞)** |
| AML伴MECOM重排(可<20%) | 急性原始巨核细胞白血病(≥20%) |
| AML伴NUP98重排(可<20%) | |
| AML伴NPM1突变(可<20%) | |
| AML伴CEBPA突变(≥20%) | |
| AML,骨髓增生异常相关 (AML-MR)(≥20%) |
Table 5
Differentiation markers and criteria for AML types defined by differentiation
| 类型 | 诊断标准* |
|---|---|
| AML伴微分化型 | 原始细胞MPO和SBB细胞化学染色阴性(<3%);表达≥2种髓系相关抗原,如 CD13、CD33和CD117 |
| AML不伴成熟型 | ≥3%原始细胞MPO(免疫表型或细胞化学)或 SBB 阳性且NSE细胞化学染色阴性;成熟中粒系细胞占骨髓有核细胞<10%;表达≥2种髓系相关抗原,如MPO、CD13、CD33和CD117 |
| AML伴成熟型 | ≥3%原始细胞MPO(免疫表型或细胞化学)或SBB(细胞化学)阳性;成熟中粒系细胞占骨髓有核细胞≥10%;单核系细胞占骨髓有核细胞<20%;表达≥2种髓系相关抗原,如MPO、CD13、CD33和CD117 |
| 急性嗜碱性粒细胞白血病 | 原始细胞和未成熟/成熟嗜碱性粒细胞伴甲苯胺蓝染色异染性阳性;原始细胞MPO、SBB和NSE细胞化学染色阴性;非强表达CD117及其他同类标记(需要排除肥大细胞白血病) |
| 急性粒单核细胞白血病 | 单核细胞及其前体细胞≥20%;成熟中的粒细胞≥20%;MPO阳性原始细胞≥3%(免疫表型或细胞化学染色) |
| 急性单核细胞白血病 | 单核细胞和(或)其前体细胞[原单核细胞和(或)幼单核细胞]≥80%;成熟中的粒细胞<20%;原始细胞和幼单核细胞表达≥2种单核细胞标志物,包括CD11c、CD14、CD36 和 CD64,或NSE细胞化学染色阳性 |
| 急性红血病 | 原始红细胞≥30%;骨髓以红系增生为主,通常有核红细胞≥80% |
| 急性原始巨核细胞白血病 | 原始细胞表达≥1种血小板糖蛋白,包括CD41(糖蛋白Ⅱb)、CD61(糖蛋白Ⅲa)或 CD42b(糖蛋白Ⅰb) |
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