Biphasic calcium phosphates （BCPs） are bioactive ceramics composed of a mixture of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in varying proportions， with a chemical composition very similar to the inorganic composition of bone tissue. It has become the most promising bone replacement material due to its excellent biocompatibility， osteoinductivity，osteoconductivity and adjustable degradation rate. This is attributed to the physicochemical properties， pore structure，crystallinity and morphological characteristics of BCP bioceramics. Numerous studies have shown that the bone-forming capacity of BCP bioceramics can be enhanced by optimising their phase composition， ionic environment and surface roughness. However， their potential bone-forming molecular mechanism of action remains a mystery. In this paper， the role of BCP bioceramics in relation to the surrounding biological environment of bone tissues was reviewed， the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and immune response-induced bone and vasculogenesis in BCP bioceramics during the process of bone defect repair were introduced， as well as describing modified BCP bioceramics and discussing the future prospects in this field.

Biphasic calcium phosphates, Modification, Bioactive ceramics, Osteogenesis