Advances in the concomitant chronic liver disease and colorectal cancer liver metastasis

Abstract

Abstract:

Liver metastasis is a key factor contributing to the poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and chronic liver diseases promote the occurrence and development of CRC liver metastasis (CRLM) through various mechanisms such as altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). This article reviewed the association of chronic liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), with CRLM. It briefly reviewed recent epidemiological trends of these chronic liver diseases. Furthermore, the relationship between chronic liver diseases and CRLM is elaborated from the aspects of risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and management. The mechanisms by which these chronic liver diseases affect CRLM are explored.

Key words:Colorectal cancer(CRC),Liver metastasis,Chronic liver disease,Tumor microenvironment (TME)

CLC Number:

YANG Yue, ZHAO Lei. Advances in the concomitant chronic liver disease and colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J]. Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice, 2025, 30(04): 364-368.

References50

[1]	SUNG H, FERLAY J, SIEGEL R L, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2021,71(3):209-249.
[2]	MORGAN E, ARNOLD M, GINI A, et al. Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN[J].Gut,2023,72(2):338-344. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327736pmid:36604116
[3]	TAURIELLO D V, CALON A, LONARDO E, et al. Determinants of metastatic competency in colorectal cancer[J].Mol Oncol,2017,11(1):97-119. doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12018pmid:28085225
[4]	VAN DER POOL A E, DAMHUIS R A, IJZERMANS J N, et al. Trends in incidence, treatment and survival of patients with stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer: a population-based series[J].Colorectal Dis,2012,14(1):56-61.
[5]	VAN DER GEEST L G, LAM-BOER J, KOOPMAN M, et al. Nationwide trends in incidence, treatment and survival of colorectal cancer patients with synchronous metastases[J].Clin Exp Metastasis,2015,32(5):457-465.
[6]	WANG H, LI X, PENG R, et al. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J].Semin Cancer Biol,2021,71:21-32.
[7]	FENG R M, ZONG Y N, CAO S M, et al. Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 global cancer statistics?[J].Cancer Commun (Lond),2019,39(1):22.
[8]	ALLEMANI C, MATSUDA T, DI CARLO V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries[J].Lancet,2018,391(10125):1023-1075.
[9]	MANTOVANI A, MARCHESI F, MALESCI A, et al. Tumour-associated macrophages as treatment targets in oncology[J].Nat Rev Clin Oncol,2017,14(7):399-416. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.217pmid:28117416
[10]	GROSSMAN J G, NYWENING T M, BELT B A, et al. Recruitment of CCR2(+) tumor associated macrophage to sites of liver metastasis confers a poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer[J].Oncoimmunology,2018,7(9):e1470729.
[11]	LIU C, CHIKINA M, DESHPANDE R, et al. Treg cells promote the SREBP1-dependent metabolic fitness of tumor-promoting macrophagesviarepression of CD8(+) T cell-derived interferon-γ[J].Immunity,2019,51(2):381-397.
[12]	GHIRINGHELLI F, FUMET J D. Is there a place for immunotherapy for metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer?[J].Front Immunol,2019,10:1816.
[13]	WU K J, QIAN Q F, ZHOU J R, et al. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in liver fibrosis[J].Cell Death Discov,2023,9(1):53.
[14]	OUYANG J, HU S, ZHU Q, et al. RANKL/RANK signa-ling recruits Tregsviathe CCL20-CCR6 pathway and promotes stemness and metastasis in colorectal cancer[J].Cell Death Dis,2024,15(6):437.
[15]	LIU X, WANG X, YANG Q, et al. Th17 cells secrete TWEAK to trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promote colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J].Cancer Res,2024,84(8):1352-1371. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-2123pmid:38335276
[16]	NIU B, TIAN T, WANG L, et al. CCL9/CCR1 axis-driven chemotactic nanovesicles for attenuating metastasis of SMAD4-deficient colorectal cancer by trapping TGF-β[J].Acta Pharm Sin B,2024,14(8):3711-3729. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2024.05.009pmid:39220887
[17]	CHANG L, XU L, TIAN Y, et al. NLRP6 deficiency suppresses colorectal cancer liver metastasis growth by modulating M-MDSC-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment[J].Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis,2024,1870(3):167035.
[18]	SHEN Y, WANG C, REN Y, et al. A comprehensive look at the role of hyperlipidemia in promoting colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J].J Cancer,2018,9(16):2981-2986. doi:10.7150/jca.25640pmid:30123367
[19]	TOHME S, YAZDANI H O, AL-KHAFAJI A B, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote the development and progression of liver metastases after surgical stress[J].Cancer Res,2016,76(6):1367-1380. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-1591pmid:26759232
[20]	TIAN S, CHU Y, HU J, et al. Tumour-associated neutrophils secrete AGR2 to promote colorectal cancer metastasisviaits receptor CD98hc-xCT[J].Gut,2022,71(12):2489-2501.
[21]	MOLLICA POETA V, MASSARA M, CAPUCETTI A, et al. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: new targets for cancer immunotherapy[J].Front Immunol,2019,10:379.
[22]	ZHAO L, LIM S Y, GORDON-WEEKS A N, et al. Recruitment of a myeloid cell subset (CD11b/Gr1 mid)viaCCL2/CCR2 promotes the development of colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J].Hepatology,2013,57(2):829-839.
[23]	ZHAO J, OU B, HAN D, et al. Tumor-derived CXCL5 promotes human colorectal cancer metastasis through activation of the ERK/Elk-1/Snail and AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathways[J].Mol Cancer,2017,16(1):70. doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0629-4pmid:28356111
[24]	ZHANG W, WANG H, SUN M, et al. CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in tumor microenvironment as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target[J].Cancer Commun (Lond),2020,40(2-3):69-80.
[25]	KAWAMURA M, TOIYAMA Y, TANAKA K, et al. CXCL5, a promoter of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, is a novel serum prognostic marker in patients with colorectal cancer[J].Eur J Cancer,2012,48(14):2244-2251. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.032pmid:22197219
[26]	POLARIS OBSERVATORY Collaborators. Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study[J].Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol,2023,8(10):879-907.
[27]	POLARIS OBSERVATORY Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study[J].Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol,2018,3(6):383-403.
[28]	SONG E, CHEN J, OU Q, et al. Rare occurrence of metastatic colorectal cancers in livers with replicative hepatitis B infection[J].Am J Surg,2001,181(6):529-533. pmid:11513779
[29]	HUO T, CAO J, TIAN Y, et al. Effect of concomitant positive hepatitis B surface antigen on the risk of liver metastasis: a retrospective clinical study of 4033 consecutive cases of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer[J].Clin Infect Dis,2018,66(12):1948-1952. doi:10.1093/cid/cix1118pmid:29293940
[30]	YANG Y, SONG L, CAO J, et al. Active chronic hepatitis B increases the risk of colorectal liver metastasis-a retrospective cross-sectional study[J].J Cancer,2021,12(5):1398-1405.
[31]	LEE H W, WONG V W. Changing NAFLD Epidemiology in China[J].Hepatology,2019,70(4):1095-1098. doi:10.1002/hep.30848pmid:31298746
[32]	ESTES C, ANSTEE Q M, ARIAS-LOSTE M T, et al. Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016-2030[J].J Hepatol,2018,69(4):896-904. doi:S0168-8278(18)32121-4pmid:29886156
[33]	ZHAO X, YANG L, CHANG N, et al. Neutrophils undergo switch of apoptosis to NETosis during murine fatty liver injuryviaS1P receptor 2 signaling[J].Cell Death Dis,2020,11(5):379.
[34]	SOEHNLEIN O, STEFFENS S, HIDALGO A, et al. Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2017,17(4):248-261. doi:10.1038/nri.2017.10pmid:28287106
[35]	TRAN S, BABA I, POUPEL L, et al. Impaired kupffer cell self-renewal alters the liver response to lipid overload during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[J].Immunity,2020,53(3):627-640. doi:S1074-7613(20)30233-8pmid:32562600
[36]	JI J, EGGERT T, BUDHU A, et al. Hepatic stellate cell and monocyte interaction contributes to poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Hepatology,2015,62(2):481-495. doi:10.1002/hep.27822pmid:25833323
[37]	MASAKI S, HASHIMOTO Y, KUNISHO S, et al. Fatty change of the liver microenvironment influences the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer[J].Int J Exp Pathol,2020,101(5):162-170. doi:10.1111/iep.12371pmid:32783302
[38]	WANG Z, KIM S Y, TU W, et al. Extracellular vesicles in fatty liver promote a metastatic tumor microenvironment[J].Cell Metab,2023,35(7):1209-1226. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.013pmid:37172577
[39]	OHASHI K, WANG Z, YANG Y M, et al. NOD-like receptor C4 inflammasome regulates the growth of colon cancer liver metastasis in NAFLD[J].Hepatology,2019,70(5):1582-1599. doi:10.1002/hep.30693pmid:31044438
[40]	LV Y, ZHANG H J. Effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver di-sease on the risk of synchronous liver metastasis: analysis of 451 consecutive patients of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer[J].Front Oncol,2020,10:251.
[41]	REHM J, GMEL G E S R, GMEL G, et al. The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update[J].Addiction,2017,112(6):968-1001. doi:10.1111/add.13757pmid:28220587
[42]	REHM J, SHIELD K D. Global burden of alcohol use disorders and alcohol liver disease[J].Biomedicines,2019,7(4):99.
[43]	延华, 鲁晓岚, 高艳琼, 等. 西北地区脂肪性肝病的流行病学调查研究[J].中华肝脏病杂志,2015,23(8):622-627.
	YAN H, LU X L, GAO Y Q, et al. Epidemiological investigation of fatty liver disease in Northwest China[J].Chin J Hepatol,2015,23(8):622-627.
[44]	IM H J, KIM H G, LEE J S, et al. A preclinical model of chronic alcohol consumption reveals increased metastatic seeding of colon cancer cells in the liver[J].Cancer Res,2016,76(7):1698-1704.
[45]	MOHR A M, GOULD J J, KUBIK J L, et al. Enhanced colorectal cancer metastases in the alcohol-injured liver[J].Clin Exp Metastasis,2017,34(2):171-184.
[46]	HUDSON S V, MILLER H A, MAHLBACHER G E, et al. Computational/experimental evaluation of liver metastasis post hepatic injury: interactions with macrophages and transitional ECM[J].Sci Rep,2019,9(1):15077. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51249-ypmid:31636296
[47]	SAPKOTA R, ZAKARIA J, GLENN E, et al. Alcohol use and the risk of colorectal liver metastasis: a systematic mapping review[J].Biology (Basel),2023,12(2):257.
[48]	SHEN T, LIU Y, SHANG J, et al. Incidence and etiology of drug-induced liver injury in mainland China[J].Gastroenterology,2019,156(8):2230-2241. doi:S0016-5085(19)30364-6pmid:30742832
[49]	MA Y, GUO C, WANG X, et al. Impact of chemotherapeutic agents on liver microenvironment: oxaliplatin crea-te a pro-metastatic landscape[J].J Exp Clin Cancer Res,2023,42(1):237.
[50]	LIMAIEM F, BOURAOUI S. Chemotherapy-induced liver injury in metastatic colorectal cancer: about 48 cases[J].Pan Afr Med J,2018,30:198.