多倍体肝细胞的生理功能及其病理性改变的相关疾病

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

成人肝脏中20%~50%的肝细胞为含2套以上染色体的多倍体细胞，是独特的多倍体器官。肝细胞多倍体化始于断奶时胰岛素信号的改变，受多种细胞周期调控因子控制，实现在多倍体细胞比例、倍性和空间分布等方面的调控，对肝脏代谢、再生和抑制肿瘤形成有重要作用。但在慢性病毒性肝炎和非酒精性脂肪肝病中，肝细胞可因细胞周期检查点抑制、氧化应激出现病理性多倍体化并参与疾病进程。区分多倍体肝细胞在生理和病理条件下的异同，有助于更好地认识慢性肝脏病与肿瘤发生的关系。

关键词:倍性,多倍体,基因组不稳定性,肝细胞,肝细胞癌

Abstract:

Liver is a unique organ with polyploidy. About 20 to 50 percent of hepatocytes in adult human are polyploid cells, which contain more than two sets of chromosomes. Hepatocytes polyploidization is triggered by the changes in insulin signal during weaning, and regulated by various cell cycle regulator genes to ensure the polyploid cells proportion, ploidy and zonation. The regulation of polyploid hepatocytes is crucial for liver's metabolic and regenerative function, and protecting liver from tumorigenesis. However, in chronic virus hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the pathological hepatocytes polyploidization can be found in disease progression because of cell cycle checkpoint inhibition and oxidative stress. Distinguishing physiological and pathological hepatocyte polyploidization will be helpful for the understanding the relationship between chronic liver disease and tumorigenesis.

Key words:Ploidy,Polyploidy,Chromosomal instability,Hepatocyte,Hepatocellular carcinoma

中图分类号:

R575
R735.7

张亦凡, 鲁逸权, 郝风节, 王俊青. 多倍体肝细胞的生理功能及其病理性改变的相关疾病[J]. 外科理论与实践, 2023, 28(06): 574-579.

ZHANG Yifan, LU Yiquan, HAO Fengjie, WANG Junqing. Physiological function of polyploid hepatocytes and pathological changes in its associated diseases[J]. Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice, 2023, 28(06): 574-579.

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