基于不同生物样本代谢组学的OSAHS生物标志物研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS）是一种以呼吸暂停、低通气、微觉醒等为主要临床表现的睡眠障碍性疾病,其主要病理生理机制为上气道狭窄。目前,OSAHS的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,但其临床诊断方法仍比较单一,无法做到早期精确诊断。代谢组学作为国际上新兴的一门学科,虽然目前技术发展时间相对较短,但已在医学、药学、毒理学等多个领域获得较大突破,发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文系统回顾了代谢组学在探寻OSAHS生物标志物方面的研究和应用,发现OSAHS会导致一些特殊的代谢产物发生改变,其中包括氨基酸、脂质、酰基肉碱、肠道菌群、磷脂类、芳香烃类、饱和烃类、丙酮以及异戊二烯等,涉及氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢、氧化应激途径、磷脂代谢、内源性大麻素系统等多种代谢途径和作用机制。这些差异性代谢产物存在于患者的多种生物标本中,包括血液、尿液、粪便、唾液、扁桃体组织等,这些OSAHS代谢组学相关的生物标志物,可为早期诊断和鉴别诊断并研究发病机制提供参考。

关键词:代谢组学,代谢物,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征,生物标志物

Abstract:

The obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) is a sleep disorder caused by upper airway stenosis, and the main clinical manifestations were apnea, hypopnea, and arousal. In recent years, the incidence of OSAHS shows increasing trend, while its clinical diagnosis method is still relatively simple, and the early accurate diagnosis cannot be achieved. Metabolomics has played an important role in many disciplines such as medicine, pharmacy, and toxicology as an emerging subject, even if its research develops relatively short time. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the studies and applications of metabolomics on OSAHS biomarkers and found that OSAHS could cause changes in some special metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, acylcarnitines, intestinal flora, phospholipids, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, acetone and isoprene. These metabolites involved in various metabolic pathways and mechanisms such as amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress pathway, phospholipid metabolism and endocannabinoids. The differential metabolites existed in a variety of biological samples in patients, including blood, urine, feces, saliva, and tonsil tissue, and some metabolites could be used in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of OSAHS and as the reference for further research on the biomarkers and pathogenesis of OSAHS.

Key words:Metabolomics,Metabolites,OSAHS,Biomarkers

中图分类号:

R735

周思锋, 徐海舒, 范欣生. 基于不同生物样本代谢组学的OSAHS生物标志物研究进展[J]. 诊断学理论与实践, 2022, 21(04): 535-540.

ZHOU Sifeng, XU Haishu, FAN Xinsheng. Application of metabolomics of different biological samples in study of OSAHS biomarkers[J]. Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice, 2022, 21(04): 535-540.

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